Guinea (Country threat level - 4): Youth protesters blocked access to the Russian-based RUSAL alumina refinery in Fria, located approximately 80 mi/130 km north of Conakry, the capital, on 11 February 2010. Protesters demanding work blocked the entrance to the mine and set up roadblocks in the area, preventing workers from reaching the facility and blocking traffic on a road leading to Conakry. There have been no reports of violence in the ongoing protest.
ASI Comment: Local residents frequently target mining companies in the country to protest economic and infrastructure conditions. Such protests can turn violent, and ongoing tensions related to the country's transition from military to civilian rule could increase the threat of disturbances.
RUSAL RUSSIA
http://www.rusal.ru/en/our_plants.aspx
In January 2010, RUSAL was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange with its IPO price of HK$10.8 per share and capital raising of US$2.6 billion. The IPO attracted a list of big name investors including
Nathaniel Rothschild,
Robert Kuok, - Coca-Cola distributor, Sugar import/export
John Paulson - Hedge Fund Paulson Co. Paulson began his career at Boston Consulting Group before leaving to join Odyssey Partners, working under Leon Levy. He later worked in the mergers and acquisitions group at Bear Stearns
Vneshekonombank.[5][6] Bank for Foreign Economic Affairs
Director: Dmitriev Vladimir Alexandrovich, Scientist and Engineer
Patents: A method of manufacturing metal articles having magnetic and non-magnetic areas comprises the thermal treatment of an all-metal blank made of a metal capable of forming a non-magnetic structure as a result of ageing and of becoming magnetic after high-temperature hardening. The areas intended to form the non-magnetic structure are heated to a temperature ranging from 450° to 1000°C, soaked to form the non-magnetic structure and then cooled, while the areas intended to form the magnetic structure are heated to a temperature ranging from 1000°C to the melting temperature of the metal to preserve the uniformity of the blank, and then cooled at a rate preventing the formation of the non-magnetic structure.
The largest Investor was the Libyan Investment Authority. That led to Saif Qaddafi, the son of the Libyan leader, Muammar el-Qaddafi.
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Barium Oxide - Barium oxide, BaO, is a white hygroscopic compound formed by the burning of barium in oxygen, although it is often formed through the decomposition of other barium salts. Barium oxide is an irritant. If it contacts the skin or the eyes or is inhaled it causes pain and redness. However, it is more dangerous when ingested. It can cause nausea and diarrhea, muscle paralysis, cardiac arrhythmia, and can cause death. If ingested, medical attention should be sought immediately. Barium oxide also is dangerous to the environment. It is harmful especially to aquatic organisms. It transforms into barium hydroxide on contact with water.
Ethoxylation is a chemical process in which ethylene oxide (IUPAC name: 1,2-epoxyethane) is added to fatty acids in order to make them more soluble in water. An example is the ethoxylation of sodium dodecyl sulfate to form sodium laureth sulfate, which is used as a foaming agent in shampoos and toothpastes, and as an industrial detergent.
Fluorine - Fluoropolymers- Fluoropolymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene, Teflon, are used as chemically inert and biocompatible materials for a variety of applications, including as surgical implants such as coronary bypass grafts,[11] and a replacement for soft tissue in cosmetic and reconstructive surgery.[12] These compounds are also commonly used as non-stick surfaces in cookware and bakeware, and the fluoropolymer fabric Gore-Tex used in breathable garments for outdoor use.
Fluoride-containing compounds are used in topical and systemic fluoride therapy for preventing tooth decay. They are used for water fluoridation and in many products associated with oral hygiene.[13] Originally, sodium fluoride was used to fluoridate water; however, hexafluorosilicic acid (H2SiF6) and its salt sodium hexafluorosilicate (Na2SiF6) are more commonly used additives, especially in the United States. The fluoridation of water is known to prevent tooth decay[14][15] and is considered by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as "one of 10 great public health achievements of the 20th century".[16][17] In some countries where large, centralized water systems are uncommon, fluoride is delivered to the populace by fluoridating table salt. Fluoridation of water is not without critics, however (see Opposition to water fluoridation).[18]
Toxicity information - Potential Acute Health Effects
Soluble fluoride salts, of which NaF is the most common, are mildly toxic but have resulted in both accidental and suicidal deaths from acute poisoning.[6] While the minimum fatal dose in humans is not known, a case of a fatal poisoning of an adult with 4 grams of NaF is documented.[21]
For Sodium fluorosilicate (Na2SiF6), the 50% lethal dose (LD50) orally in rats is 0.125 g/kg, corresponding to 12.5 g for a 100 kg adult.[22] The fatal period ranges from 5 min to 12 hours.[21]
The mechanism of toxicity involves the combination of the fluoride anion with the calcium ions in the blood to form insoluble calcium fluoride, resulting in hypocalcemia; calcium is indispensable for the function of the nervous system, and the condition can be fatal.
Treatment may involve oral administration of dilute calcium hydroxide or calcium chloride to prevent further absorption, and injection of calcium gluconate to increase the calcium levels in the blood.[21]
Hydrogen fluoride is more dangerous than salts such as NaF because it is corrosive and volatile, and can result in fatal exposure through inhalation or upon contact with the skin; calcium gluconate gel is the usual antidote.[23]
A few organofluorine compounds are extremely toxic, such as organophosphates like sarin and diisopropylfluorophosphate that react with the cholinesterase enzyme at neuromuscular junctions and thus block the transmission of nerve impulses to the muscles.[24] Here, a reactive fluorine-phosphorus bond in the inhibitor is the site of nucleophilic attack by a serine residue in the enzyme's active site, causing the loss of a F− ion and alkylation and inactivation of the enzyme.
While PTFE itself is chemically inert and non-toxic, it begins to deteriorate near or above 500 °F (260 °C), and decompose completely at temperatures above 660 °F (350 °C).[25] These degradation products can be lethal to birds, and can cause flu-like symptoms in humans.[25] In comparison, cooking fats, oils, and butter will begin to scorch and smoke at about 392 °F (200 °C), and meat is usually fried between 400–450 °F (200–230 °C), but empty cookware can exceed this temperature if left unattended on a hot burner.
Barium Fluoride - Barium fluoride is also a common, very fast (one of the fastest) scintillator for the detection of X-rays, gamma rays or other high energy particles. One of its applications is the detection of 511 keV gamma photons in positron emission tomography; other material used in this application is eg. bismuth germanate. It responds also to alpha and beta particles, but, unlike most scintillators, it glows in ultraviolet light [7]. It can be also used for detection of high-energy (10-150 MeV) neutrons, and use pulse shape discrimination techniques to separate them from simultaneously occurring gamma photons.
When heated to 500 °C, it gets corroded by water, but in dry environment it can be used up to 800 °C. Prolonged exposure to moisture degrades transmission in the vacuum UV range. It is less resistant to water than calcium fluoride, but is the most resistant of all the optical fluorides to high-energy radiation, though its far ultraviolet transmittance is lower than theirs. It is quite hard, and very sensitive to thermal shock.
Barium fluoride is used as a preopacifying agent and in enamel and glazing frits production. Its other use is in the production of welding agents (an additive to some fluxes, a component of coatings for welding rods and in welding powders). It is also used in metallurgy, as a molten bath for refining aluminium.
Toxicity information - Potential Acute Health Effects
Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of ingestion. Hazardous in case of eye contact (irritant), ofinhalation. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (permeator). Corrosive to eyes and skin. The amount of tissue damage depends on length of contact. Eye contact can result in corneal damage or blindness. Skin contact can produce inflammation and blistering. Inhalation of dust will produce irritation to gastro-intestinal or respiratory tract, characterized by burning, sneezing and coughing. Severe over-exposure can produce lung damage, choking, unconsciousness or death.
Potential Chronic Health Effects: CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: A4 (Not classifiable for human or animal.) by ACGIH. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. Repeated exposure of the eyes to a low level of dust can produce eye irritation. Repeated skin exposure can produce local skin destruction, or dermatitis. Repeated inhalation of dust can produce varying degree of respiratory irritation or lung damage. (Morgellons??)
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Alumina - GE developed "Lucalox" in 1961,[10] a transparent alumina used in sodium vapor lamps. Aluminium oxide is also used in preparation of coating suspensions in compact fluorescent lamps.
Health and medical applications include it as a material in hip replacements.[4] It is used in water filters (derived water treatment chemicals such as aluminium sulfate, aluminium chlorohydrate and sodium aluminate, are one of the few methods available to filter water-soluble fluorides out of water). It is also used in toothpaste formulations. As well, it is used as a dosimeter for radiation protection and therapy applications for its optically stimulated luminescence properties.
Aluminium oxide is used for its hardness and strength. Most pre-finished wood flooring now uses aluminium oxide as a hard protective coating. Alumina can be grown as a coating on aluminium by anodising or by plasma electrolytic oxidation (see the "Properties" section, above). Both its strength and abrasive characteristics are due to aluminium oxide's great hardness (position 9 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness).
Toxicity information - Potential Acute Health Effects:
Inhalation: Dust or powder may cause irritation to the upper respiratory tract.
Ingestion: No acute health effects recorded.
Skin: Dust or powder may cause irritation.
Eye: Dust or powder may cause abrasive irritation. Eye contact with aluminum particles may cause corneal necrosis.
Chronic Effects:
Inhalation: Inhalation of finely divided powder has been reported as a cause of pulmonary fibrosis. Aluminum in aerosols has been implicated in Alzheimer’s disease.
Ingestion: No chronic health effects recorded.
Skin: No chronic health effects recorded.
Eyes: No chronic health effects recorded.
Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure: Pre-existing upper respiratory and lung disorders.
Target Organs: No target organs recorded.
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Bauxite - Bauxite is strip mined (surface mining) because it is found at the surface, with little or no overburden. Approximately 95% of the world's bauxite production is processed into alumina and then aluminium. Bauxites are typically classified according to their intended commercial application: metallurgical, abrasive, cement, chemical and refractory.
Bauxites are heated in pressure vessels with sodium hydroxide solution at 150–200 °C through which aluminium is dissolved as aluminate (Bayer process). After separation of ferruginous residue (red mud) by filtering, pure gibbsite is precipitated when the liquid is cooled and seeded with fine grained aluminium hydroxide. Gibbsite is converted into aluminium oxide by heating. This is molten at approx. 1000 °C by addition of cryolite as a flux and reduced to metallic aluminium by a highly energy-consumptive electrolytic process (the Hall-Héroult process).
The Bayer process is the principal industrial means of refining bauxite to produce alumina.Bauxite, the most important ore of aluminium, contains only 30-54% alumina, Al2O3, the rest being a mixture of silica, various iron oxides, and titanium dioxide[1]. The alumina must be purified before it can be refined to aluminium metal. In the Bayer process, bauxite is digested by washing with a hot solution of sodium hydroxide, NaOH, at 175 °C. This converts the alumina to aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH)3, which dissolves in the hydroxide solution according to the chemical equation.
The Bayer process is the principal industrial means of refining bauxite to produce alumina.Bauxite, the most important ore of aluminium, contains only 30-54% alumina, Al2O3, the rest being a mixture of silica, various iron oxides, and titanium dioxide[1]. The alumina must be purified before it can be refined to aluminium metal. In the Bayer process, bauxite is digested by washing with a hot solution of sodium hydroxide, NaOH, at 175 °C. This converts the alumina to aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH)3, which dissolves in the hydroxide solution according to the chemical equation:
Karl Josef Bayer (March 4, 1847 – October 4, 1904) was an Austrian chemist that invented the Bayer process of extracting alumina from bauxite, essential to this day to the economical production of aluminium. Bayer's father Friedrich founded the Bayer chemical and pharmaceutical company.
Bayer had been working in Saint Petersburg to develop a method to provide alumina to the textile industry, which used it as a fixing agent in the dyeing of cotton. In 1887, he discovered that aluminium hydroxide precipitated from an alkaline solution was crystalline and could be filtered and washed more easily than that precipitated from an acid medium by neutralization. In 1888, Bayer developed and patented his four-stage Bayer process of extracting alumina from bauxite ore.
Toxicity information - Potential Acute Health Effects:
Chronic exposure to alumina dust is reported to cause lung disease, although disease development is thought to be due to the presence of other dusts. Pure alumina, under controlled conditions of use is not anticipated to cause adverse health effects. Contaminants, such as silica and Iron Oxides may contribute towards reported disease if present in bauxite dust. Aluminium oxide is an experimental animal tumorigen and neoplastigen (cause abnormal tissue formation) via implantation, a route of exposure not anticipated in industry. Recently the findings of increased levels of aluminium in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease (presenile dementia) has lead to the suggestion that aluminium is the cause of the disease. The disease is clinically characterised by: progressive loss of memory, inability to perform simple intellectual tasks and loss of control of bodily functions. The association with aluminium is controversial and not proven to the point of acceptance by experts in this area.
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Ethylene oxide - Ethylene oxide is primarily used in the manufacture of other chemicals. Most ethylene oxide is used to manufacture ethylene glycol (used in automotive antifreeze/coolant) and polyester. Ethylene oxide is also used for the sterilisation of equipment in hospitals and veterinary institutions. A small amount is also used to control pests on stored agricultural products. Ethylene Dibromide:
INTRODUCTION OF ALUMINUM, FLUORINE, BARIUM and BAUXITE to human nervous system and blood supply.
Cooking Utensils * Clothing * Oils * Lotions * Anti-perspirants * Sun Blocks * Canned Food Products * Sodas * Astringents * Cosmetics * Douches * Shampoo's * Table Salt * Antacids * Over the counter medications * Water supply * Water Filters * Packaged Foods (check labeling) * Glassware * Ceramics * Magnets * TV picture tubes * Ignitors/Fireworks * pesticides and rodentcides * photographic paper, dyes and chemicals * Vaccines and
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- Ethylene dibromide was used in the past as an additive to leaded gasoline; however, since leaded gasoline is now banned, it is no longer used for this purpose.Toxicity information - Potential Acute Health Effects:Ethylene oxide is classified as carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).[7] Since the odor threshold for ethylene oxide varies between 250 and 700 ppm, it is imperceptible to human until well above dangerous levels. Therefore continuous monitors are standard practice. Currently, the substance is banned from the use for plant protection by the EU government.
Ethylene oxide (EtO) is produced in large volumes and is primarily used as an intermediate in the production of several industrial chemicals, the most notable of which is ethylene glycol. It is also used as a fumigant in certain agricultural products and as a sterilant for medical equipment and supplies. Unfortunately, EtO possesses several physical and health hazards that merit special attention. EtO is both flammable and highly reactive. Acute exposures to EtO gas may result in respiratory irritation and lung injury, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, shortness of breath, and cyanosis. Chronic exposure has been associated with the occurrence of cancer, reproductive effects, mutagenic changes, neurotoxicity, and sensitization.
Ethylene Dibromide - Acute Effects:
Clinical signs in humans and animals related to acute inhalation exposure to ethylene dibromide are depression and collapse. Ethylene dibromide is a severe skin irritant that can cause blistering.
Exposure to high concentrations of ethylene dibromide through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact can result in death. Changes in the liver and kidney are reported in humans who died from ingestion of ethylene dibromide.
Tests involving acute exposure of rats have shown ethylene dibromide to have high acute toxicity from oral exposure, while moderate acute toxicity resulted from inhalation exposure.
- Ethylene dibromide was used as a fumigant to protect against insects, pests, and nematodes in citrus, vegetable, and grain crops, and as a fumigant for turf, particularly on golf courses. In 1984, EPA banned its use as a soil and grain fumigant.
- Ethylene dibromide is currently used in the treatment of felled logs for bark beetles and termites, and control of wax moths in beehives.
- Ethylene dibromide is also used as an intermediate for dyes, resins, waxes, and gums.
INTRODUCTION OF ALUMINUM, FLUORINE, BARIUM and BAUXITE to human nervous system and blood supply.
Cooking Utensils * Clothing * Oils * Lotions * Anti-perspirants * Sun Blocks * Canned Food Products * Sodas * Astringents * Cosmetics * Douches * Shampoo's * Table Salt * Antacids * Over the counter medications * Water supply * Water Filters * Packaged Foods (check labeling) * Glassware * Ceramics * Magnets * TV picture tubes * Ignitors/Fireworks * pesticides and rodentcides * photographic paper, dyes and chemicals * Vaccines and
CHEMTRAILS <<<<<<<<<
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