Friday, July 23, 2010

GOVERNMENT 101 - by Hybridrogue



Newspeak; it is like saying, “kneeling down is standing up”
Language, to properly frame concepts must have some internal consistencies, or specified lexicon. Dictionaries are available for the general meanings of words, and if words are to be fit into some ‘specialist’ language the specifics of how words vary from the general meanings should be noted and explained.

Political language can be said to be a language used in such special ways. It is a general rule, that the terms used in political language should be viewed as propaganda. This is so because it is in the arena of politics; which is involved in setting competing policy goals. It is the fact of “competition” that sets this language apart, as the messages are meant to propagate the goals of certain vying political groups.

George Orwell was concerned about political language and has many insights which are worth understanding as they have a great relevance on post modern society.

Edward Bernays, Walter Lippmann, and Jaques Elull are other authors and political philosophers that have given great insight to political language.

Let us take an example for illustration: The term ‘Democracy’. This term is very popular in the twentieth and twenty first centuries. As a special political term it has come to mean a variety of things depending on the credo of the user. The standard dictionary definition has become fluidized in its actual usage. It “evolves” as etymologists may say.

It may come as quite a shock to most Americans that the founding fathers of the nation considered and rejected democracy as a system of government. The shock that may ensue from from this realization is due to the confusion between a ‘system’ and political ‘techniques’.

It is said by some that the system America was founded under, a republic—that it is a “type” of democracy.

But this is not true. What is true is that the republic as constituted was to use democratic “processes” in some of its mechanical applications. The fact is, the ‘SYSTEM’ of government as founded is a ‘Constitutional Republic’.

A democracy as a ‘system’ is simply the rule of the majority. In a republic that majority is restrained by the mechanisms of ‘law’; and in this nation a very specific type of law, ‘The Common Law’. In the Anglo-Saxon tradition this is also known as ‘the Natural Law’. Unlike ‘Statutory Law”, “Admiralty Law” [Law of the Seas], or ‘Cannon Law’, which are all written in ‘Code’ [most often Latin], the Common Law is written in plain and common English.

This makes sense as the Common Law is written for the Common People; in their own language.

Now, a distinction must be drawn between the terms, “government” and “politics”. Although the subject of ‘Government’ is often referred to as “Political Science”, there are complex distinctions that must be illuminated, because we are dealing with ‘political language’, which in the so-called ‘Post Modernist” era has become, propaganda. “Politics

‘ has become a term used beyond the frame of government, as in, “Office Politics”, “Classroom Politics”, etc. Therefore the terms “government” and “politics” are obviously in need of distinctions if communications are to remain rational and lead to reasonable conceptual constructs.

Those who follow politics with any consistency surely have become aware that “politicians” are no longer “statesmen’, but have become more or less, “salesmen”. The more sophisticated researchers into this may have come to realize that politicians are even more to be likened to ‘actors’. Many might even say they are ‘scam artists’. Some realize an even deeper political reality and label them as “puppets”. I am using all of these words with their general dictionary definitions.

…and for the republic for which it stands…”

Now, I began with the term ‘Democracy’. How is it that this term has overtaken the term ‘Republic’ as a descriptor of the nation’s form of government? The quick historical answer is, propaganda. As the term implies, the propaganda had the goal of influencing the public mind.

The campaign to influence the popular mind; to think of the republic as a democracy was therefore meant to accomplish some agenda—a political agenda. What could this be? Why?

World War One

Two of the authors mentioned above, Bernays and Lippmann, became actively involved in the propaganda of what became “The War to End All Wars”, which was to “Make the World Safe for Democracy”.

This was in the Administration of Woodrow Wilson, who was elected on a platform promising to keep America out of the European war that began during his term as president. Bernays was a specialist in the field of ‘Public Relations’, a term that he himself coined. He is known in his field as the ‘Father of Spin’. Initially his clientèle was commercial businesses. Lippmann was a ‘journalist’ of some great renown in his day, and is still held in much regard.

Bernays, although his influence is tremendous, is virtually unknown.

The history of the propaganda campaign against “The Hun” is deep and fraught with intrigue.

But this is told many times over in other works. What I want to do with this essay is address the question; Why Democracy? Because the propaganda, being war propaganda against the Germans is one thing. The subtle campaign to promote the republic as a democracy is another, having deep political repercussions at a key moment in this nation’s history.

Cui Bono?* Who benefits from a democracy as opposed to a republic? The first answer that may pop into your mind may be, ‘the Majority’? But is this actually the case when popular opinion is now being scientifically manipulated by ‘Public Relations’? It may be argued that those who benefit from such a system are in fact those who control the message of the propaganda. After all, it is a historical fact that the United States government is actually a constitutional republic.

This subtle psychological shift in language gives power to the majority that is ‘ultra vires’, meaning, “beyond the law”; to the majority group in their minds, but in actual practice , this puts the purveyors of the propaganda beyond the law. More precisely , above the law. What law? The law of the republic, the Constitution which contains restraints on majority rule.

As the practical effects of this situation are “politically”complex, and drenched with intrigue, it is much more simple to consider the effects on actual “government”; keeping in mind the distinctions that began this essay.

The Constitution, which can be divided into two distinct parts, a ‘Negative’ part, which is the limiting part which grants the authorities therein. And a ‘Positive’ part guaranteeing the liberties of the granting power—the sovereign individuals of “The People”.

The ‘body’ of the Constitution is written in very specific language defining the authority that officers of the state have when elected, or appointed and duly sworn in. These powers are strictly defined.

The “Bill of Rights’, which was demanded by the various states as necessary for ratification, is written in more general terms, for as is stated in the 9th Amendment thereof, the enumeration of all of the rights that a sovereign people have, is not practical. Therefore, unlike in the limiting language of the body of the Constitution, it was expected that there would be rights that remained merely implied by the language of those thus enumerated. As one famous jurist remarked, a “Penumbra” of unarticulated rights retained by the people.

Any such implied powers of authority, it was understood by such ratification by the states, would be ultra vires and not with constitutional standing.

By such an understanding of constitutional ‘government’, it is more easily seen that what is called “practical politics” is in conflict with the republican form, for government action is indeed no longer limited to the powers vested to it by the Constitution. And sane any reading of that document in light of present day events shows this to plainly be the case. It is now the body of the Constitution which is seen as prone to “implication”, or “implied powers”, while the rights of the people have become restricted by tortured constructions of the original language.

Most of this can be blamed on the popular misconception that the United States is a democracy–for the republican instrument, the Constitution has become virtually unknown by the mass of the population.

The issues that most plainly illustrate this condition are:

  1. Executive War Powers

  2. Executive privilege

  3. Private control of the money power


 








* L. Cassius ille quem populus Romanus verissimum et sapientissimum iudicem putabat identidem in causis quaerere solebat ‘cui bono’ fuisset. –Marcus Tillius Cicero The famous Lucius Cassius, whom the Roman people used to regard as a very honest and wise judge, was in the habit of asking, time and again, ‘To whose benefit?’



Executive War Powers

Executive war powers, equate to the abdication of Congressional constitutional responsibilities and duties. Both institutions bear legal liability for this infraction.

All parties involved have broken the oath of office, and now act ‘Under Color of Authority’. All are illegally “Impersonating an Officer”. And it should be noted that “ignorance is no excuse under the law”.

The Constitution is the law of the land”, any act of government that goes beyond the powers granted by that constitution are Ultra Vires. Therefore, any judicial ruling that goes beyond any sane reading of the constitutional language, joins in the liabilities as so mentioned above. “Star Decisions” do not have precedence over the Constitution. The Constitution is the supreme law of the land.

As it is the case that the government of the United States, by intrigue and subterfuge “sold out” the institutions under their care; declaring ‘Bankruptcy” and unlawfully declaring a permanent state of emergency by “Executive Order”

And furthermore has made unlawful arrangements with improper private financial creditors, imposing a dishonest economic system based on usury and counterfeit monies.

It can be fairly charged that, the so-called “federal government” , past and presently sitting, is doing such in usurpation, and is a criminal syndicate, liable for prosecution for treason, sedition, and conspiracy against the Constitution and the People of the United States.

The Constitution for the United States of America

[Relevant excerpts of]:

Article I

Section. 8. The Congress shall have Power

To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water;

To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years;

To provide and maintain a Navy;

To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces;

To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;

To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress…

Article II

Section. 2. The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States

Article VI.

The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States.

The argument drawn of “practical politics” that the Constitution is “quaint”, and a “relic” from a bygone era, is in fact a treasonous argument. Actions taken constituent of such views are spurious and derelict for an officer of state under the oath to uphold and protect the Constitution. So-called “practical politics” does not trump the written law of the land.

This is NOT a political question, it is a question of law. The political opinion of individual lawmakers does not change the written law. The political actions of individual lawmakers that go beyond the law are liable to that law, regardless of political opinion.

So-called “legal opinions” drawn from “code” have no bearing on the Common Law. The Constitution is not a statutory instrument. It is an instrument that informs statutory law, and from which it is rightly derived, not the opposite.

It should be also pointed out that the first ten amendments to the Constitution, known as the Bill of Rights, is written in the language of Common Law as well. All of the comments made so far as to the body of the instrument are applicable to these articles as well.

The argument made in this essay are not simply the novel opinions of this author, but are in fact based on the true history of the establishment of the federal government, and are concurrent with the opinions of the authors of that establishment. All the statements herein are based on well established facts of law and history of that law, up until the time that the law was abridged by the concerted efforts of a conspiracy of the Money Powers. This too is well established history. [see NOTES, that follow]

NOTES

The United States went “bankrupt” in 1933. [President Roosevelt Executive Order 6073, 6102,

6111, 6260; Senate Report 93-549, pgs. 187 & 594, 1973]

In 1950, declared “bankruptcy and reorganization”. Secretary of Treasury appointer receiver in

the bankruptcy [Reorganization Plan, No. 26, 5 U.S.C.A. 903; Public Law 94-564; Legislative

History, Pg. 5967]

The Secretary of the Treasury is the “Governor” of the International Monetary Fund, Inc. of the

U.N. [Public Law 94-564, supra, pg. 5942; U.S. Government Manual 1990/91, pgs. 480-81;

26 U.S.C.A. 7701(a)(11); Treasury Delegation Order No 150-10]

On Oct. 28th 1977, the United States as a “Corporator” and “State” declared insolvancy. State

banks and most other banks were put under control of the “Governor” of the “Fund” (I.M.F.). 26

IRC 165 (g)(1); U.C.C. 1-201(23), C.R.S. 39-22-103.5, Westfall vs. Braley, 10 Ohio 188,

75 Am. Dec. 509, Adams vs. Richardson, 337 S.W. 2d. 911 Ward vs. Smith, 7 Wall 447

State of National Emergency

“Since March 9th, 1933, the United States has been in a state of declared national emergency…”

(Senate Resolution 9, 93d. Congress, 1st. Session, Foreward, 1973)

“When Congress declares an emergency, there is no Constitution…” (Congressman Beck,

Congressional Record, Farm Bill, 1933)

“A majority of people of the United States have lived all of their lives under emergency rule. For

40 years, freedoms and governmental procedures guaranteed by the Constitution have in varying

degrees been abridged by laws brought into force by states of national emergency…” — Senate

Report 93-549 (Introduction) 1973

“The President may: Seize property, organize commodities, assign military forces abroad, institute

Martial Law, seize and control and transportation and communication, regulate operation of private

enterprise, restrict travel, and in a plethora of particular ways, control the lives of all American

citizens”. — Senate Report 93-549; Senate Resolution 9, 93d Congress, 1st. Session (III) 1973

See: Chapter 1, Title 1, Section 48, Statute 1, March 9, 1933; Proclamation 2038; Title 12 U.S.C

It is an established fact that the United States Federal Government has

been dissolved by the Emergency Banking Act, March 9, 1933, 48 Stat. 1,

Public Law 89-719; declared by President Roosevelt, being bankrupt and

insolvent. H.J.R. 192, 73rd Congress m session June 5, 1933 – Joint

Resolution To Suspend The Gold Standard and Abrogate The Gold Clause

dissolved the Sovereign Authority of the United States and the official

capacities of all United States Governmental Offices, Officers, and

Departments and is further evidence that the United States Federal

Government exists today in name only. Speaker-Rep. James Traficant, Jr. (Ohio) addressing the

House:

95(b)The receivers of the United States Bankruptcy are the International

Bankers, via the United Nations, the World Bank and the International

Monetary Fund. All United States Offices, Officials, and Departments are now

operating within a de facto status in name only under Emergency War Powers.

With the Constitutional Republican form of Government now dissolved, the

receivers of the Bankruptcy have adopted a new form of government for the

United States.

This new form of government is known as a Democracy, being an

established Socialist/Communist order under a new governor for America. This

act was instituted and established by transferring and/or placing the Office

of the Secretary of Treasury to that of the Governor of the International

Monetary Fund. Public Law 94-564, page 8, Section H.R. 13955 reads in part:

“The U.S. Secretary of Treasury receives no compensation for representing

the United States.”

The U.S. Congress had passed a law making it illegal for any legal “person” to

duplicate a “Joint Stock Trust” in 1873. The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 was

legislated post-facto (to 1870), although post-facto laws are strictly forbidden by

the Constitution. [1:9:3]

The Federal Reserve System is a sovereign power structure separate and

distinct from the federal United States government. The Federal Reserve is a

maritime lender, and/or maritime insurance underwriter to the federal United

States operating exclusively under Admiralty/Maritime law. The lender or

underwriter bears the risks, and the Maritime law compelling specific

performance in paying the interest, or premiums are the same. Prior to 1913,

most Americans owned clear, allodial title to property, free

and clear of any liens or mortgages until the Federal Reserve Act (1913)

“Hypothecated” all property within the federal United States to the Board of

Governors of the Federal Reserve, -in which the Trustees (stockholders) held

legal title. The U.S. citizen (tenant, franchisee) was registered as a

“beneficiary” of the trust via his/her birth certificate.

In 1933, the federal United States hypothecated all of the present and future properties,assets and labor of their “subjects,” the 14th Amendment U.S. citizen, to

the Federal Reserve System. In return, the Federal Reserve System agreed to

extend the federal United States corporation all the credit “money substitute” it needed. Like any other debtor, the federal United States government had to assign collateral and security to their creditors as a condition of the loan. Since the

federal United States didn’t have any assets, they assigned the private

property of their “economic slaves”, the U.S. citizens as collateral against

the un-payable federal debt. They also pledged the unincorporated federal

territories, national parks forests, birth certificates, and nonprofit

organizations, as collateral against the federal debt. All has already been

transferred as payment to the international bankers.

“None are more hopelessly enslaved than those who falsely believe they are free. “
–Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

12 comments:

  1. boomerangcomesbackJuly 24, 2010 at 8:21 AM

    Excellent information and discussion of the issues.

    Now, how shall we expel the usurpers from our midst?

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  2. Ol willy punches out 10-ring center with this one! This is outstanding parsing of the problem. This essay is as spot-on and accurate as it gets...and there is not a jot or tittle with which I would quibble.

    well... except in the NOTES:

    "This new form of government is known as a Democracy, being an established Socialist/Communist order..."

    ummm... not exactly. "Democracy," of course, means rule by "the" people. What we have is an "oligarchy," rule by the few. It isn't any more "Socialist/Communist" than it is a Republic. The "representatives" (puppets) do not "represent" the People... they don't even "represent" the oligarchs who pay them. The oligarchs don't need "representation."

    The puppets are there for entertainment (distraction) purposes only. There IS NO "government." Only RULE. The People have very little influence on the power of the oligarchy. THEY RULE.

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  3. The Republic, The constitution and common law was designed to prevent exactly what so called democracy has brought forth upon us.

    No doubt that if the intended structure had been followed to the letter the E.O. bonanza and the privileges to pardon, the preemptive military commands, the Fed Res Act and the rest could never have taken place.

    Democracy, Liberal, Socialist, Communist, Fascist, Oligarchy, NWO, Illuminati, Dynasty, Pharaoh, and back to when it was newspeak on the walls of caves. These elites have passed this alchemic voodoo and morphology on to their heirs. We are fortunate their intelligence doesn't always move up the pyramid.

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  4. No I think he was right. They call it a democracy. Willie knows it's a term only. There's never been a democracy in all of recorded history.

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  5. Exactly!

    All these terms are useful when used accurately to grasp an abstraction. Newspeak... the "alchemic voodoo" only comes into play when they are used inaccurately-- or worse-- to accomplish the exact OPPOSITE of what the symbol was designed to represent. The "Xians" come to mind.

    Or worse... calling this sick thing we live in a "democracy." Large-scale "democracies," as we know (like "communism"), are (so far) technically unworkable (and mebbe that's a GOOD thing). The FATs used Bernays' lingual shell-game to make off with the boodle almost 100 years ago... and left us barking in the dark about "illegals" and "baby-killers" ever since.

    A well-read dictionary might solve a lot of problems.

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  6. Y'know, I think that too much is made of trying to parse the difference between "a democracy" and "a republic."

    Perhaps first take in the Charlie Grapski interview at:
    http://coto2.wordpress.com/2010/04/27/progressive-soup-hosts-charlie-grapski/

    He makes that point that around 1776, democracy and republic were synonyms.

    It is only later in history that some folks like the John Birch Society came along and tried to set these two words up against each other.

    If we accept Charlie's study of the situation, then it is a false canard to say that a democracy is not a republic, or vice-versa.

    And I'm really not fond of how this "distinction without a difference" is used in argumentation by dimwit nitwits. Because some folks have used it as a lever; as a formula for one-upsmanship in debates.

    For example, in my life I've helped the Chinese democracy movement. (The result is likely to be a constitutional republic.) One can observe now that America needs its own democracy movement.

    But, try stepping out on the street and say, "America needs a democracy movement."

    Some haughty nitwit is likely to retort, "You have no idea what you're talking about! America is not supposed to be a democracy! It's a republic!"

    At this point, the nitwit thinks that he knows more than you do; that you've committed a faux-pas by revealing your ignorance of the difference between a "democracy" and a "republic."

    To me, it's not really one-upsmanship. Sort of the opposite. The nitwit reveals that he's trying to shut down the discussion, due to misunderstanding of a straw man fallacy.

    For sincere people, points like this should not shut down the discussion. But, the nitwit is trying to disparage the interlocutor's perceived ignorance -- and yet, this line of discourse reveals the nitwit's own ignorance.

    I get the feeling that somebody, like the John Birch Society, was trying to divide us by driving a wedge in between these two synonyms.

    Of course, not everybody has taken in Charlie Grapski's study of this matter, so my reasoning here may be new to you.

    ReplyDelete
  7. Charlies take works for me. I'll just carry it out

    IN THE LIGHT - IN THE SHADOWS - IN THE DARK
    ______________________________

    Democracy - Oligarchy - UNITED NATIONS
    Republic - Monarchy - MONEYCHANGERS

    Socialist - Ochlocracy - Fabian/Rosicrucian/Illuminati
    Capitalist - Kleptocracy - Zionist/Freemasonry/illuminati

    Government - Regime - Federation
    Kingdom - Reign - Syndicate

    liberal - Progressive - absolutism
    conservative - moderate - capitalism

    Left - Cabal - Eugenics
    Right - Cartel - Slavery

    Statist - collectivism - Taxation
    Libertarian - free trade - Monopoly

    Red Committee - Global Communism - Fascism
    Blue Committee - National Militarism - Fascism

    Today - Tomorrow - New World Order
    Today - Yesterday - Old World Order


    Waldo you need to review the skinny's as well MarXists, Maoists and other non Xians regimes who in their collective little athiest minds only collected genocidal tolls on the way to mass graves.

    We shift around a lot of ideas, theories and opinions here but you my friend, never deviate off the same meme. The Christian Climate Changing Conspriracy.

    ReplyDelete
  8. I found Grapski's narrative to be excellent and well-informed... grounded in History and good, solid rhetorical analysis. What was most helpful (to me, anyway) was re-thinking the idea that in 1776, "democracy" and "republic" were near synonymous-terms. Thanks and a tip'o to Brother Kusumi for posting that link! Good stock for the stew!

    Now- Puddy-lad- "The Christian Climate Changing Conspiracy?" Wot the bloody hell is THAT? Nobody can speak well on Historical Materialism (aka "Marxism") without being fully aware of the klusterfuk world of kommunism... aka "meet-the-new-boss-same-as-the-old-boss." All you gotta do is compare Soviet Union to Westboro Baptist Church and see how a reasonable theory... or profound teaching... can mutate quickly when hijacked by pinheads who would fuck up a soup sandwich to give themselves a bath.

    A healthy study of Metaphysics never hurt anybody... but it just doesn't seem to fit in the same bowl as "government" and all the other things we use to keep the streets clean in the Carbon World. "My Kingdom is not of this world," said The Teacher. The Prophet (Blessings and Peace be upon him) was not so certain. Honor the Buddha who said "What we think, we become."

    It's no big secret that the FATs have manipulated thought for thousands of years... "hey- it's not ME who says I is BOSS. It's GOD who says I is BOSS. You think I would be BOSS if GOD not want ME as BOSS?"

    "Hoo Hoo!" said Bolsheviks... "is no "GOD." Is Glorious People's Revolution say WE is BOSS!"
    "Nyet," say Comrade Stalin, "is no 'we' is BOSS. Glorious People's Revolution say ME is BOSS!"
    "Feh," said the US Wobblies who wanted to kick some FATs' ass at home.
    "GODLESS KOMMMMUUUNISTS!" said the FATs at home. "TRAYYYYTORS! Russkies! REDS! GODLESS bomb throwing ANARCHISTS!! TERRORISTS!! ...did you hear the part about GOD? They say no GOD!! NO GOD!!! same god who say we is boss..."
    "bah bah," say sheep, "No God? Then they take my munny and give it to the naggers! bah bah..."
    "Good little sheep," say FATs. Now you go to WWI and make the world safe for Standard Oil! And then Uncle Henry will sell you a cheap CAR! after you make it. of course"
    "yah yah" said the sheep...

    Now, forgetting that The Teacher told them to FEED his sheep... not organize them to kill each other... you can go lots of places in Europe and see big stone jugs full of ossified sheep-bones where they blew each other into so many small parts with the stuff they bought from the FATs, you couldn't tell lamb from loam.

    Now here we are today, nattering about a "government" that no longer exists in a "country" that no longer exists. It's just a kollege of korporations run and owned by the FATs... your "workplace" (where they remind you constantly that "...this is not a democracy- ha ha") where we fawn and kiss ass and live in fear of a pink slip... where they check your piss... and your credit rating... and your documentation since the day you were fucking born... where we are perfectly fine with being serfs "x-hours a day" and feel "special" when we "work" even more... where we wear tags like cattle. The IWW figured that shit out 90 years ago.

    Now the FATs have used us to fuck up the entire planet and billions of us will die. Nice.

    ReplyDelete
  9. "where we are perfectly fine with being serfs “x-hours a day” and feel “special” when we “work” even more… "

    What??!! Don't you know it's uniquely Amurikan to work three jobs for a living!







    I really hate when people imply that's somehow an exemplary thing to do. No it's not. There are other things in life besides workin' for the man. If you need to work three jobs to put food on the table so be it but it's not how it's supposed to be, dammit you brainwashed fools.

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  10. Well guys, the point seems kinda moot now. We are no longer a democracy or republic but a fascist/corporate state. Perhaps we can work out the logistics after the revolution :)

    ReplyDelete
  11. I think it was "food on your family" he coined so unelegantly.

    G Dubya never had a job in his life until the Peter Principle went absolutely out the window and he went from tootin coke to the Gubinuh's office.

    A long string of failures, that finally concluded to the worst Admin in history until the current man ends any man of color's chances of a popular vote ever again. Sorry Jimmy Smits.

    From the proletariat will come the next fascist in that scenario. Man cannot rule as the people. It will stink regardless of what homo genius gets to call the shots.

    It will finally play itself into extinction. The FATS and SKINNY's like the cockroached will be the last to exit but they will exit.

    ReplyDelete
  12. "He makes that point that around 1776, democracy and republic were synonyms."


    This is a total fabrication. Anyone can read the debates in Philly, or even the Federalist Papers to see that "democracy" was debated and rejected by the founders.
    Learn your history yourself...not second hand.

    \\ll//®

    ReplyDelete